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Psychology: Classical Conditioning
Poziom:
Temat: Nauka i technologia
In this video we'll introduce very basic
concepts in classical conditioning by simulating Pavlov's
experiments with dogs. Now you may be wondering
if I'm going to be dealing with human beings why am I
looking at a dog? The answer is that the same principles of behaviourism
that apply to higher order animals, also apply to us humans.
So, when it comes to classical conditioning
we aren't that much different from Rover here.
We're presenting Rover with a stimulus here- a bell
When we ring the bell, there's no response in Rover.
That's because dogs just like human beings are not naturally
wired to have a response to a bell. Without conditioning
there is no response. Therefore, we call the bell a Neutral Stimulus
I can ring the bell, repeatedly
with no response from Rover.
Next, we'll introduce Rover to a new stimuls--the sight of food and water.
Rover's natural response to the sight of food and water
is to salivate. He wasn't conditioned to have this reaction.
It's natural, innate or inborn
and automatic not taught, not conditioned. So this stimulus
is called an Unconditioned Stimulus and Rover's response is called
an Unconditioned Response.
Next, we'll simulate Pavlov's experiment.
We'll ring the bell and then present Rover with food and water.
Rover salivates- not because of the bell
which is a Neutral Stimulus but because of the food- the Unconditioned Stimulus
Now we are going to repeat this process.
If we repeatedly ring the bell before presenting Rover
with food, he'll be conditioned to respond to the bell.
Now Rover will salivate
upon hearing the bell even in the absence of food.
This response
has been conditioned. It's now a Conditioned Response
and the bell has become a Conditioned Stimulus.
So to recap,
the bell started out as a Neutral Stimulus.
The food was an Unconditioned Stimulus. When Rover salivated
upon seeing the food, it was an Unconditioned Response.
When we repeatedly paired the sound of the bell with
the sight of food, Rover was finally conditioned to salivate
upon hearing the bell. The bell has now become a Conditioned Stimulus.
for Rover and salivating to the sound of the bell
is a Conditioned Response in Rover.
Behavioural theory tells us that our behaviours have been shaped or
conditioned by past experiences in much the same way that Rover
has been conditioned to salivate upon hearing that bell, and therefore
behaviour modification is possible through conditioning.
